what is the definition of new programming language

[Lutger]

simas wrote:
> Sean Wrote:
> 
>> Maybe this is an old topic or maybe this is a stupid question. But I am really confusing about it.
>> I learned C programming language in high school, and then I learned C++ in the first year in university. C++ likes opening a new world to me and gives me a new feeling about how to think the problems and how to construct the programs.
>> The D language has lots of good features, I am exciting about these features, but I can not feel as exciting as when I learn the C++ language. I do not know weather because it does not have a new thinking style about how to programming or something else.
>> Anyway, it is a really good language. But what is the definition of new programming language?
> 
>  
> The question is: why c++ makes you felt this? For me c++ makes solving complex problems simple and c++ reduce the number of code lines (compared to c). But c++ isn't perfect as we know. Every new programming language must help solving problems and writing code simpler, IMO. This is what i felt the first time i wrote a D program. Currently D lose its magic, for me. Things like const/invariant and <"staic".dup> (copy on write) confusing me. This makes writing code not simpler. Some discussion in this NG are very academically. The main point should be "how to solve problems simple and short", IMHO. How you think about this?
> 

To me, this feeling of excitement comes from getting to know new 
*concepts* of programming for the first time. C++ has a whole lot of 
them, from object-orientation to flexible user defined types, RAII and 
generic programming. Not all of these concepts are supported well and 
programming in C++ is certainly not simple to say the least. But there 
are a whole lot of styles possible in C++, more than in most languages.

The attractiveness of D for me is that it basically manages to do two 
things at once: 1) extend the already large amount of supported 
programming styles available in C++ and 2) do so in a manner that is 
less complicated and way more productive. On top of that, it is still a 
high-performance language. I find this very exciting because it allows 
the kind of freedom that can be found in C++ without losing that freedom 
again due to all kinds of messy limitations. </fanboy>

While D introduces some features foreign to C-derived languages and 
perhaps even has some novel designs, it doesn't really sport new 
concepts that I know of. As said, if you want to find something really 
new to learn it's worthwile to look at a language like lisp which is 
quite different than C++.