Adam Ruppe: >The whole point of writing assembly language is to see and write exactly what the computer sees and executes.< HLA allows you to have a 1:1 mapping, if you want. You can find answers here: http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AsmTools/HLA/HLADoc/HTMLDoc/hlafaq.txt Look especially at the answer to questions 6 and 23. Bye, bearophile