Struct problems

Maxim Fomin maxim at maxim-fomin.ru
Mon Sep 17 11:47:54 PDT 2012


I consider current struct creation one of the confusing parts of 
the language (may be the most), due to set of incompatible 
creation semantics masked by same syntax, complicated by couple 
of semi-bugs (7210, 1310, 4053) and naive default arguments 
embedding into the language(3438).

Current creation rules look as follows 
(http://dpaste.dzfl.pl/a4344ad0):
1) if a struct object declaration has no initializer, its members 
are default initialized to either explicit initializer in struct 
declaration or type default initializer (note: actually, there 
are no implicit struct constructors). If it has void initializer, 
it contains garbage
2) otherwise, if it has initialization form S() than:
a) if opCall member is present, it is called (must have no 
arguments)
b) otherwise, initialization proceed according to 1)
3) otherwise, if it has initialization form S(T1 arg1, ...), than:
a) if opCall member is present, it is called (its parameters must 
be consistent with arguments)
b) otherwise, if at least one ctor exists, it is called (and 
again, its parameters must be consistent with arguments)
c) otherwise, this initialization form is called struct literal 
and struct members are initialized to arguments in accordance 
with their order in struct declaration

This means that if you have S(), or S(x, y, x) - it is impossible 
to know without looking into struct definition what is going on: 
a function call (constructor or opCall) or just initialization. 
If naive default argument treatment is considered, I may add that 
there is no sense of setting default argument to one-argument 
struct constructor, since S()-like expression would call 
something else (3438). By the way, .init property may be hijacked 
(good news is that it doesn't affect default initializer).

Basically, the question is, is it considered to be good, well 
designed feature or not. And if not, would it be changed at some 
time? What was original design of structures in D?


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