Eloquently sums up my feelings about the disadvantages of dynamic typing

[bearophile]

> There are research papers that explore the algebra of effects, 
> and also contain better syntax and some better inference. With 
> such ideas the control of those effects seems to improve.

An example, from the Koka language:
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/koka/2012-overviewkoka.pdf

Bye,
bearophile