D's exact stack convention for D and C/C++

[Joakim via Digitalmars-d]

On Sunday, 17 July 2016 at 01:30:31 UTC, Adam Sansier wrote:
> I am trying to debug some really messed up code that makes no 
> sense. It calls in some code that doesn't seem to be using the 
> standard calling convention. The function definitions are 
> exactly the same in both D and C++.
>
> ->func(param1, param2, param3, param4);
>
> The call stack setup by C++ before the call is
>
> 001fa18d 002aff3c 00000014 000000c0 002b10f8 00c7fa34 001f16cc 
> 7f383000
>
> The order is ret EIP, param1, param2, param3, param4, this
>
> For D(naked asm)
>
> 00403ff3 002dc108 000000c0 00000014 002e73e8 026236f0 02ae4a78 
> 0019fe54
>
> The order is ret EIP, param4, param3, param2, param1,
>
> as one can see, the order is reversed. The functions are 
> declared exactly the same in C++ and D(I just copied to D and 
> marked extern(C++). It is part of a method(It is COM but that 
> shouldn't matter?)).
>
> Forget all that, What I'm really interested in is the exact 
> calling conventions used in D and C and C++ and what they mean 
> so I can make sure I know whats going on, cause something funky 
> is happening and it's not on my end(I'm not messing with the 
> order of this stuff directly).
>
> So,
>
> extern(C) = ?
> extern(D) = ?
> extern(C++) = ?
> extern(Windows) = ?
>
> C++ standard convention = ?
> C standard convetion = ?
> D standard convention = ?
>
> Also, how is this pointer passed in method calls? ECX? Stack? 
> If Stack, first or last? Does it change with calling convention?
>
> I'm looking for only the facts, hopefully from the man himself.

According to the spec,

"The extern (C) and extern (D) calling convention matches the C 
calling convention used by the supported C compiler on the host 
system."
https://dlang.org/spec/abi.html

There are tests for C and C++ compatibility that you can look at, 
from the compiler testsuite:

https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/test/runnable/cpp_abi_tests.d
https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/test/runnable/cppa.d
https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/test/runnable/cabi1.d

The corresponding C/C++ files can be found here:

https://github.com/dlang/dmd/tree/master/test/runnable/extra-files