One other benefit atomic reference counting would have is that it would allow sharing of reference counted data structures across threads without worrying about invisible race conditions caused by the reference counting. Furthermore, you could still pass by reference and use similar tricks to avoid the overhead of the atomic reference counting just like you would for an object with arbitrarily expensive copying. You just wouldn't have to bend over backwards to avoid it.<br>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Nov 3, 2010 at 11:00 AM, Max Samukha <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:maxsamukha@gmail.com">maxsamukha@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
These notes on copy-constructible Qt types may be useful for the discussion:<br><br>1. 1/5 (approx. 100 classes) of all classes in core, gui, network, webkit, svg and opengl packages define public copy-constructors.<br>
<br>A half of those are in reference-counted COW types (approx. 50 classes). The remaining 50 classes are reference-counted types without COW, types with allocating copy-constructors and types with trivial non-allocating constructors.<br>
<br>Most of the types with allocating copy-constructors I would probably implemented as classes in D. Polymorphic types like QListWidgetItem that provide the copy-constructor only for clone() reimplementation should definitely be classes in D.<br>
<br>The conclusion I tend to draw is that expensive copy-constructors can be avoided in most applications.<br><br>2. Reference counters are atomic using interlocked integer operations. There have been a couple of complaints about performance [<a href="http://www.gotw.ca/publications/optimizations.htm" target="_blank">http://www.gotw.ca/publications/optimizations.htm</a>] but those complaints seem ungrounded [<a href="http://labs.qt.nokia.com/2006/10/16/atomic-reference-counting-is-it-worth-it-2" target="_blank">http://labs.qt.nokia.com/2006/10/16/atomic-reference-counting-is-it-worth-it-2</a>].<br>
<br>3. If a type exposes data by reference, proxy objects are used to avoid unnecessary copying. For example, QString::operator[](int) returns an instance of QСharRef, not QChar&. The shared data is copied only if the QCharRef instance is modified.<div>
<div></div><div class="h5"><br>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Oct 31, 2010 at 5:57 AM, Andrei Alexandrescu <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:andrei@erdani.com" target="_blank">andrei@erdani.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
I am highly interested in the opinion of Phobos contributors in the matter of copy construction (just posted the message below).<br>
<br>
Andrei<br>
<br>
-------- Original Message --------<br>
Subject: Re: Ruling out arbitrary cost copy construction?<br>
Date: Sat, 30 Oct 2010 22:56:24 -0500<br>
From: Andrei Alexandrescu <<a href="mailto:SeeWebsiteForEmail@erdani.org" target="_blank">SeeWebsiteForEmail@erdani.org</a>><br>
Newsgroups: digitalmars.D<br>
<br>
On 10/30/2010 09:40 PM, Michel Fortin wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
On 2010-10-30 20:49:38 -0400, Andrei Alexandrescu<br>
<<a href="mailto:SeeWebsiteForEmail@erdani.org" target="_blank">SeeWebsiteForEmail@erdani.org</a>> said:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
On 10/30/10 2:24 CDT, Don wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
At the moment, I think it's impossible.<br>
Has anyone succesfully implemented refcounting in D? As long as bug 3516<br>
(Destructor not called on temporaries) remains open, it doesn't seem to<br>
be possible.<br>
Is that the only blocker, or are there others?<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
I managed to define and use RefCounted in Phobos. File also uses<br>
hand-made reference counting. I think RefCounted is a pretty good<br>
abstraction (unless it hits the bug you mentioned.)<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
I like the idea of RefCounted as a way to automatically make things<br>
reference counted.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
Unfortunately it's only a semi-automated mechanism.<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
But like File and many similar ref-counted structs, it has this race<br>
condition (bug 4624) when stored inside the GC heap. Currently, most of<br>
Phobos's ref-counted structs are race-free only when they reside on the<br>
stack or if your program has only one thread (because the GC doesn't<br>
spawn threads if I'm correct).<br>
<br>
It's a little sad that the language doesn't prevent races in destructors<br>
(bug 4621).<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
I hope we're able to solve these implementation issues that can be seen<br>
as independent from the decision at hand.<br>
<br>
Walter and I discussed the matter again today and we're on the brink of<br>
deciding that cheap copy construction is to be assumed. This simplifies<br>
the language and the library a great deal, and makes it perfectly good<br>
for 95% of the cases. For a minority of types, code would need to go<br>
through extra hoops (e.g. COW, refcounting) to be compliant.<br>
<br>
I'm looking for more feedback from the larger D community. This is a<br>
very important decision that marks one of the largest departures from<br>
the C++ style. Taking the wrong turn here could alienate many<br>
programmers coming from C++.<br>
<br>
So, everybody - this is really the time to speak up or forever be silent.<br>
<br>
<br>
Andrei<br>
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