D Language Foundation September 2025 Monthly Meeting Summary

[Mike Parker]

The D Language Foundation's September 2025 monthly meeting took 
place on Friday the 12th and lasted about an hour and thirty-five 
minutes.

## The Attendees

The following people attended:

* Walter Bright
* Rikki Cattermole
* Martin Kinkelin
* Dennis Korpel
* Átila Neves
* Razvan Nitu
* Mike Parker
* Robert Schadek
* Steven Schveighoffer
* Nicholas Wilson

## The Summary

Before we got started, I let everyone know I'd tied everything 
off about DConf '25. I'd paid out all the speaker and staff 
reimbursements, and I'd had the final after-action review with 
Symmetry and Brightspace, our event planners. I was looking 
forward to starting discussions about DConf '26 in October or 
November.

We were also on the verge of kicking off Symmetry Autumn of Code 
2025 the following week. We had received 11 project proposals, 
which was a record. The most we'd ever had previously was six. We 
only had the budget for three slots.

__UPDATE__: DConf '26 planning is ongoing. At the time of 
publishing this post, I'm waiting for confirmation that the 
contract between Symmetry and Brightspace is approved and that 
Brightspace has locked in our preferred dates. I'll announce as 
soon as I'm able.

### An assert in the ARM back end

Rikki wanted to know why [a specific assert, 
`assert(elfree)`](https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/4c54accfad57077120025e6768f30544ae5759f3/compiler/src/dmd/backend/arm/cod1.d#L958), was in the `cod1.d` file in the DMD ARM back end.

Walter said that function was copied over from the x86 code 
generator and then modified. The way effective addresses are 
calculated in ARM is quite different from how they are for x86, 
so the logic had gotten a bit scrambled.

The assert was there because the code diverges early on in the 
function, `elfree` is set early on, and then the code merges back 
together and diverges again. It was the old "if you have X, do 
some code, else do some other code, and then you have some more 
code, and then if you have X, do some code, and then do some 
other code." The assert was there to ensure that it fell down the 
correct branch.

He also said that since the code had started out as x86-64 logic 
and then been heavily modified, it was kind of a mess. It didn't 
really fit what AArch64 did, and that was a fairly common pattern 
in the AArch64 generator. His goal wasn't to write the best code, 
optimized code, or clever code. His goal was to get something 
working. He was putting refinement off until later, because until 
it was working, he couldn't know which paths were needed and 
which weren't.

He said he sometimes felt like Dr. Moreau, creating a monster by 
cutting and pasting and holding things together to make the code 
generator work.

Rikki said that you could scan the function in its current state 
and prove at that point that the assert was false, depending on 
the path taken. Walter said that if Rikki could find a way to 
trip it, that was fine, but he shouldn't be able to. Rikki 
insisted there was a path where it could be false, and Walter 
asked him to send a test case.

Rikki said you could see it just by scanning the code. Walter 
said that could possibly be true, but the `if` statements causing 
it were on paths that could only be taken by the x86-64 logic, 
which never happened there. He wasn't sure it could actually be 
tripped. If Rikki could send him code that did it, he'd fix it.

Rikki said he'd had some false positives in the x86 files and 
fixed them. This one ARM file was the only one left, and he 
believed it was a true positive. Walter again asked him to send 
some code that triggered it. Rikki said he didn't have concrete 
code that did so. It was just a static analysis of the function 
showing a pathway for it to be false.

Átila asked how Rikki knew the static analysis was correct. Rikki 
said he could scan it himself. Átila said he was with Walter and 
would want to see code that actually triggered it.

Rikki repeated that he had no code to trigger it. He just needed 
to confirm whether it was a false positive, which he didn't think 
it was, or whether it needed to be fixed. Walter said he couldn't 
confirm that. How it got to that point depended on the states of 
a bunch of other variables, and that particular state should 
never happen.

Steve asked if Rikki's static analysis could specify the 
conditions that caused it to be false. Rikki said it couldn't 
because he didn't have tracking for the error paths, and that 
wasn't in scope. Just looking at the code, most of the `if` 
statements there were `if(0)`.

Walter said to keep in mind that there was a lot of logic in 
there for x86-64 address generation. That code was never going to 
be triggered in the ARM generator. He just hadn't gotten around 
to pruning it out. He wasn't focused on optimizing and removing 
things yet. His goal was just to get a functioning ARM generator. 
There were a number of places in the ARM generator where he'd put 
in an assert for logic that was valid for x86-64 and not for ARM, 
but he hadn't removed it.

What he was basically saying was that it was premature to worry 
about this kind of thing. It wasn't a finished project. It was a 
work in progress.

Rikki said he was just hoping Walter could do something about it 
that wasn't just putting a Band-Aid over the problem. Walter said 
there were a lot of Band-Aids in the ARM generator at the moment. 
Rikki clarified that he meant commenting it out. He could do that 
in a PR just to get the CI to keep progressing.

Walter said he understood Rikki wanted to get his Data Flow 
Analysis to work, and that he could comment it out if he wanted 
to. Rikki said that was a Band-Aid and he didn't want it to be.

Walter said the code was a soup. For example, he'd written an 
object file generator for the Raspberry Pi, which turned out to 
be ELF object code. For that, there was very little need to 
modify the object code generator.

Then he'd looked at the Mac stuff, where they had decided to 
completely reinvent the wheel on how to generate object files for 
the M-series processors. That broke a lot of the logic in the 
object file generator. He was trying to reverse engineer what 
they'd done because it was completely undocumented. As far as he 
could tell, the only documentation was in the Clang back end, 
which he couldn't look at because he never looked at other 
people's compilers. So the code was a giant mess.

He didn't really know if it was generating correct object files. 
He just kept trying different cases and looking at the output. If 
it seemed to match what GCC was doing, he'd keep going. That was 
the life of trying to get a new code generator working. You often 
had to work with undocumented things and didn't know how things 
would turn out. He didn't worry about it much. That was why we 
had a test suite. He could clean things up later.

He wasn't worried about branches left over from x86_64. They 
wouldn't be taken. His overriding goal was getting something that 
functioned.

Rikki said it was good at least that Walter was aware that it had 
come up. Walter said he wasn't surprised by it, but he didn't 
think the code generator could actually trigger it. It was logic 
that didn't exist in the ARM generator. The static analyzer 
wasn't going to be able to determine that, which was probably why 
it was tripping on it.

Rikki wasn't convinced. He'd had it running all the way through 
Phobos and DRuntime without any reports. Walter said Phobos 
wasn't full of logic that never happened. The ARM generator was 
full of it because it was a bastardized version of the x86_64 
generator. He was basically taking a dog's leg and grafting it 
onto a giraffe. It was going to be an unholy thing for a while.

Rikki said he'd just comment it out in his PR to keep the CI 
going.

### The future of DIP 1000

Razvan wanted to know the status of DIP 1000 and what the plans 
were for its future. We'd said at one point that this was going 
to be a priority for this year, and we were now a few months from 
the end of the year.

Átila said this was on him. He thought he knew what we should do 
about it, but he needed to do the work to ensure it actually 
worked. He needed to try it out on the D projects at 
code.dlang.org to be confident. If it did, then he'd put a 
proposal forward. If it didn't, then it would be back to the 
drawing board.

Razvan said he would nag Átila about it once in a while, and 
Átila was okay with that.

I asked if we were planning to finalize this in the first 
edition. Átila hoped so. Walter had said it might work when we'd 
discussed it. He just needed to try it out in practice. The idea 
was to make `scope` explicit and never inferred.

Rikki said Átila had talked about the technical aspects of this, 
but how were we going to solve the sociological and psychological 
issues of DIP 1000? People had static analysis fatigue, and Rikki 
had no interest in using it ever again.

Átila understood that, which was why he wanted to make it 
explicit so that it would be opt-in. Otherwise, they'd be left 
alone to use regular GC D.

Rikki brought up a potential issue with that approach. Anyone 
wanting to take advantage of the stack-allocation optimization 
for closures would be forced to use `scope` on the closure, even 
if they didn't want to bother with DIP 1000. Átila said he'd have 
to think about that one.

Martin thought that was pretty important. It was one of the few 
occasions where he really wrote `scope` manually, when he was 
sure a delegate would never escape. Another was on some class 
instantiations when he knew the instance would only be used 
locally.

A third case would be variadic arguments where you could pass in 
an array. If you made that `scope` and an allocation happened, it 
was going to be on the stack. That had been added just a few 
years ago, but he thought Dennis had recently changed it so that 
it only happened with DIP 1000, because otherwise it would be 
unsafe.

Dennis said it only required DIP 1000 with inferred `scope`, as 
there were no checks that it was actually safe without it. Martin 
said that was exactly the kind of case he was worried about. If 
`scope` became fully explicit, then they would need to think 
carefully about the practical uses that still depended on 
inference.

That led into a much longer discussion about DFA, full-program 
analysis, inference, false positives, cycles in call graphs, and 
whether DIP 1000 could be improved without taking on much more 
compiler complexity.

Dennis said he was looking at it pragmatically, both as someone 
writing `scope`, `@safe`, and `@nogc` code and as someone 
triaging the DIP 1000 bug list. Pragmatically, the lack of DFA 
was far down at the bottom of the list of DIP 1000's problems. 
There were simpler things to solve higher up the list that didn't 
require adding thousands of lines of code for a new semantic 
pass. He didn't see the value. The trade-off between the added 
complexity and how much DIP 1000 would actually solve felt 
lopsided.

Walter said Dennis had done a great job fixing DIP 1000 bugs, and 
he appreciated it. He thought DIP 1000 had a lot of potential. He 
also understood that it was confusing people, and he wanted to 
address that. He understood Robert's point that users shouldn't 
be required to annotate everything. That was a proper and correct 
sentiment.

He would like to make DIP 1000 better on that front, but he 
didn't see a way to do it without DFA. So he thought DIP 1000 
inference would have to be optional.

Dennis said that when he had a complex recursive-function case, 
he just annotated `scope` manually. He didn't need the compiler 
to do a complex analysis if he could solve it himself.

Walter said Dennis was an expert at this. When it failed for 
someone else, like when they had a function A that called 
function B that called function C that called A again, where were 
they supposed to put the annotations? That wasn't going to be 
easy for someone less familiar with the language.

Dennis suggested the error message should tell you the first 
place it failed, and even subsequent places. He'd just tested 
what it said in the recursive case, and it was going back and 
forth. But it did try to follow it and tell you where the scope 
inference failed. He posted this in the chat:

```d
onlineapp.d(19): Error: assigning scope variable `x` to non-scope 
parameter `x`
calling `f` is not allowed in a `@safe` function
      f(x);
        ^
onlineapp.d(10):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void g()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(4):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void f()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(10):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void g()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(4):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void f()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(10):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void g()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(4):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void f()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(10):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void g()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(4):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void f()(string x)
                  ^
onlineapp.d(10):        which is assigned to non-scope parameter 
`x`
void g()(string x)
```

Walter agreed it would be a big improvement if the error message 
wrote the correct declaration for you. Dennis said that sometimes 
it even suggested adding `scope` or `return scope`, so it was 
already making some suggestions. Walter said he'd noticed some 
nice improvements in other compilers suggesting things. It was 
like when he'd added the spellchecker to DMD. He was amazed by 
how often it got things right. It was a nice improvement he 
wished he'd implemented years earlier.

I said this sounded like a good spot to bring the discussion to a 
close.

### The Editions DIP

I said that Átila and I had been playing email ping-pong for the 
past few weeks revising the Editions DIP. We were almost there. I 
was going to make my final revisions and send it back to him to 
ensure I didn't botch anything. He hadn't gotten all the updates 
we'd discussed in the meeting we'd all had about it, and that was 
what we were doing now.

Because we were making some structural updates, I was going to 
email everyone when we were finished to make sure we were all 
still on the same page. Then it would just need the stamp of 
approval from the group and we were done with it. We were finally 
almost at the end.

__UPDATE__: Átila and I finished the final draft, there were no 
objections in the email thread, and [Walter approved it in 
October](https://forum.dlang.org/post/shncynvarhtqfsvzbxae@forum.dlang.org).

### Static array length inference (and a few random things)

I asked if anyone had anything else before we left, and Nicholas 
had a few things to bring up.

First, he wanted to make sure Martin was aware of [an issue he'd 
posted for 
LDC](https://github.com/ldc-developers/ldc/issues/4982). He 
believed we should be looking into the new LLVM raw byte type for 
compatibility with Clang. He thought it might be needed for C and 
C++ interop.

He also talked about an issue he'd had trying to compile LLVM 21, 
and another issue involving certificates for the release tools 
and signing. That was something we needed to look into and ensure 
our releases were signed properly. He was also happy that someone 
was working on ImportC issues for SAOC. There were all sorts of 
issues you ran into with intrinsics and whatnot, and hopefully 
some of those would be fixed.

Finally, he brought up static arrays with declared sizes and 
mismatched initializer lengths. He believed Andrei had rejected 
the original proposal to introduce length inference with 
`int[$]`, because it was already possible with a library 
solution. Nicholas didn't think that was a great answer. He said 
Dennis had been talking about using indices as a possible 
solution, and he asked if Walter or Dennis had any other comments 
on static arrays.

Steve said a recent issue was that you could initialize a static 
array with fewer elements than its declared size and the compiler 
wouldn't complain. With `int[4] foo = [1, 2, 3]`, for example, 
the compiler would just default-initialize the fourth element. 
Sometimes that was intentional, but a lot of times it was 
programmer error, like forgetting to add the 20th item because 
there were too many to count. The request was for some way to 
notify the programmer of the potential error, or at least a way 
to declare it explicitly when that behavior was intended. 
Obviously, the `staticArray` template in the library was one 
possibility, but that was the most recent issue that had come up.

As Nicholas understood it, the upshot of the earlier discussion 
was that we'd like to deprecate initializing a static array with 
a mismatched number of elements except in the case where you 
explicitly use indices in the initializer. That was trivial to do.

He also wouldn't mind having the `int[$]` solution in addition to 
that. He was never satisfied with the `staticArray` template. It 
would be great if we could come to an agreement on what to do, 
though it didn't need to happen straight away.

Martin said he'd just looked at the template. One of the 
not-so-nice things about it was that it took the value by `auto 
ref`, but returned a copy. For trivial types, that didn't matter 
much and would easily be optimized away. For non-POD types, it 
might not be so funny. If you disabled the `postBlit`, for 
example, you couldn't use that template as far as he could tell, 
unless CTFE did some magic with it.

He'd had the need a few times for something like `int[$]`. He 
thought a mismatched initializer length should definitely be an 
error except in the case where explicit indices are used. That 
made perfect sense.

I noted that, for the record, the community review for that 
`int[$]` DIP was in 2021 after Andrei had stepped down. There was 
no official word from Walter in that thread. Átila left a couple 
of comments. The DIP was never rejected. The author withdrew it:

> After the first round of Community Review, the DIP author felt 
> that the general opinion of the DIP was negative, and that he 
> needed to revise the DIP with a strong argument in favor of the 
> proposed feature over std.array.staticArray. He was unable to 
> formulate such an argument, so he asked that the DIP be 
> withdrawn.

Walter proposed two possible syntaxes in the chat:

```d
int[6] a = [4,2,8,...];
int[6] a = [4,2,8,3...];
```

The first one initializes the array with `4, 2, 8`, then the 
remaining elements are default-initialized. In the second one, 
the remaining elements are initialized with `3`. If someone 
wanted to write a DIP for that, he saw no reason why it shouldn't 
be done. Then we could deprecate mismatched initializer length 
without losing that syntax.

Rikki thought the expression should go after the `...`, otherwise 
it would be parsed as a float or something nasty. Walter thought 
it was processed eagerly, so it should be fine.

Nicholas understood why Walter wanted two syntaxes for that, but 
he suggested using indices for one and not the other. The problem 
was that `3,...` and `3...` looked very similar. That was going 
to be typo-prone and difficult to read. I said that without my 
glasses, I was struggling to see the difference. I hadn't noticed 
the comma after the `8`.

Walter said that if someone wanted to write a DIP for it, we 
could debate syntax options then. He didn't think we'd solve it 
there.

Martin said he'd never had a need for anything like that. He 
asked whether Walter had ever needed to explicitly initialize the 
first few elements of an array, then all the rest with the 
default or the last element. Walter said he had seen it. People 
sometimes initialized arrays with a couple thousand elements and 
only populated the beginning. It might not be great practice, but 
there was a reason C was done that way.

Dennis had sent him an error case where somebody converted a 
`char` array from C, and C default-initialized to `0`, while D 
default-initialized to `FF`, producing a different result. That 
example made it clear to him that we needed a way to specify what 
the remaining default initializer was.

There was some more discussion about current behavior versus 
desired behavior, deprecating the current behavior, and the 
potential new syntax. In the end, Walter repeated that if anyone 
wanted to write a DIP, they should go ahead and we could hash out 
the syntax. He thought that would be very productive.

## Conclusion

Our next meeting was a quarterly that took place on October 3rd. 
Our next monthly meeting was on the 10th.

If you have something you'd like to discuss with us in one of our 
monthly meetings, feel free to reach out and let me know.